*Top 50 Doctrines under CrPC/BNSS &IEA/BSA (with Sections & Case Laws)*



*1️⃣ Doctrine of Double Jeopardy*
Section: 300 CrPC / 357 BNSS
Case Law: Maqbool Hussain v. State of Bombay (1953)

*2️⃣ Doctrine of Speedy Trial*
Section: 309 CrPC / 346 BNSS
Case Law: Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar (1979)

*3️⃣ Doctrine of Fair Trial*
Section: 273 CrPC / 290 BNSS
Case Law: Zahira Habibulla v. State of Gujarat (2004)

*4️⃣ Doctrine of Autrefois Acquit/Convict*
Section: 300 CrPC / 357 BNSS
Case Law: State of Bombay v. S.L.. Apte (1961)

*5️⃣ Doctrine of Issue Estoppel
Section: Evidentiary Principle (Sectjon 40-43 Evidence/BSA)
Case Law: Piara Singh v. State of Punjab (1969)

*6️⃣ Doctrine of Presumption of Innocence*
Section: 313 CrPC / 343 BNSS
Case Law: Narayan v. State of Maharashtra (1976)

*7️⃣ Doctrine of Natural Justice*
Section: 273 CrPC / 290 BNSS
Case Law: Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)

*8️⃣ Doctrine of Severability*
Section: General Principle
Case Law: RMD Chamarbaugwala v. Union of India (1957)

*9️⃣ Doctrine of Mala Fide*
Section: General Principle
Case Law: S.R. Venkataraman v. Union of India (1979)

*1️⃣0️⃣ Doctrine of Proportionality*
Section: 235(2) CrPC / 352 BNSS
Case Law: Om Kumar v. Union of India (2000)

*1️⃣1️⃣ Doctrine of Zero FIR*
Section: 154 CrPC / 173 BNSS
Case Law: Lalita Kumari v. Govt. of UP (2014)

*1️⃣2️⃣ Doctrine of Electronic Evidence*
Section: 61-65 Evidence/BSA
Case Law: Anvar P.V. v. P.K. Basheer (2014)

*1️⃣3️⃣ Doctrine of Victim Rights*
Section: 372 CrPC / 439A BNSS
Case Law: Rekha Murarka v. State of WB (2020)

*1️⃣4️⃣ Doctrine of Bail as Rule*
Section: 436-439 CrPC / 478-484 BNSS
Case Law: State of Rajasthan v. Balchand (1978)

*1️⃣5️⃣ Doctrine of Compounding Offence*
Section: 320 CrPC / 360 BNSS
Case Law: Gian Singh v. State of Punjab (2012)

*1️⃣6️⃣ Doctrine of Cognizance*
Section: 190 CrPC / 210 BNSS
Case Law: R.R. Chari v. State of UP (1951)

*1️⃣7️⃣ Doctrine of Territorial Jurisdiction*
Section: 177 CrPC / 212 BNSS
Case Law: Naresh Kavarchand Khatri v. State of Gujarat (2008)

*1️⃣8️⃣ Doctrine of Transfer of Cases*
Section: 406 CrPC / 418 BNSS
Case Law: K. Anbazhagan v. State of Karnataka (2015)

*1️⃣9️⃣ Doctrine of Test Identification*
Section: 9 Evidence/BSA
Case Law: Budh Singh v. State of UP (1970)

*2️⃣0️⃣ Doctrine of Hostile Witness*
Section: 154 Evidence/BSA
Case Law: Sat Paul v. Delhi Administration (1976)

*2️⃣1️⃣ Doctrine of Dying Declaration*
Section: 32 Evidence/BSA
Case Law: Khushal Rao v. State of Bombay (1958)

*2️⃣2️⃣ Doctrine of Plea Bargaining*
Section: 265A-L CrPC / 293-302 BNSS
Case Law: State of Gujarat v. Natwar Harchandji (2005)

*2️⃣3️⃣ Doctrine of Compulsory FIR*
Section: 154 CrPC / 173 BNSS
Case Law: Lalita Kumari v. Govt. of UP (2014)

*2️⃣4️⃣ Doctrine of Protective Custody*
Section: 151 CrPC / 173(3)(4) BNSS
Case Law: Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar (2014)

*2️⃣5️⃣ Doctrine of Anticipatory Bail*
Section: 438 CrPC / 482 BNSS
Case Law: Gurbaksh Singh z v. State of Punjab (1980)

*2️⃣6️⃣ Doctrine of Non-Cognizable Offence*
Section: 155 CrPC / 175 BNSS
Case Law: State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal (1992)

*2️⃣7️⃣ Doctrine of Preventive Detention*
Section: 151 CrPC / 173 BNSS
Case Law: A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras (1950)

*2️⃣8️⃣ Doctrine of Summons & Warrants*
Section: 61-90 CrPC / 68-97 BNSS
Case Law: Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab (1994)

*2️⃣9️⃣ Doctrine of Confession*
Section: 164 CrPC/ 183 BNSS
Case Law: Dagdu v. State of Maharashtra (1977)

*3️⃣0️⃣ Doctrine of Protection Against Self-Incrimination*
Section: 161(2) CrPC / 180(2) BNSS
Case Law: Nandini Sathpathy v. P.L. Dani (1978)

*3️⃣1️⃣ Doctrine of Charge Framing*
Section: 211-224 CrPC / 227-239 BNSS
Case Law: State of Bihar v. Ramesh Singh (1977)

*3️⃣2️⃣ Doctrine of Compelling Attendance*
Section: 61-90 CrPC / 68-97 BNSS
Case Law: Abdul Rehman Antulay v. R.S. Nayak (1988)

*3️⃣3️⃣ Doctrine of Acquittal on Benefit of Doubt*
Section: General Principle
Case Law: Kali Ram v. State of Himachal Pradesh (1973)

*3️⃣4️⃣ Doctrine of Sentence Hearing*
Section: 235(2) CrPC / 352 BNSS
Case Law: Santa Singh v. State of Punjab (1976)

*3️⃣5️⃣ Doctrine of Pardoning Power*
Section: 306-307 CrPC / 337-338 BNSS
Case Law: Kehar Singh v. State (1988)

*3️⃣6️⃣ Doctrine of Judicial Review on Investigation*
Section: 156(3) CrPC / 175(3) BNSS
Case Law: Sakiri Vasu v. State of UP (2007)

*3️⃣7️⃣ Doctrine of Appeal*
Section: 372-394 CrPC / 421-455 BNSS
Case Law: P.S.R. Sadhanantham v. Arunachalam (1980)

*3️⃣8️⃣ Doctrine of Revision*
Section: 397-401 CrPC / 417-420 BNSS
Case Law: Amit Kapoor v. Ramesh Chander (2012)

*3️⃣9️⃣ Doctrine of Compounding Civil Nature Offences*
Section: 320 CrPC / 360 BNSS
Case Law: JIK Industries v. Amarlal V. Jumani (2012)

*4️⃣0️⃣ Doctrine of Reinvestigation*
Section: 173(8) CrPC / 193 BNSS
Case Law: Vinay Tyagi v. Irshad Ali (2013).

*4️⃣1️⃣ Doctrine of Default Bail*
Section: 167(2) CrPC / 187(2) BNSS
Case Law: Rakesh Kumar Paul v. State of Assam (2017)

*4️⃣2️⃣ Doctrine of Judicial Custody*
Section: 167 CrPC / 187 BNSS
Case Law: CBI v. Anupam J. Kulkarni (1992)

*4️⃣3️⃣ Doctrine of Compulsory Appearance*
Section: 273 CrPC / 290 BNSS
Case Law: Mohd. Ajmal Kasab v. State of Maharashtra (2012)

*4️⃣4️⃣ Doctrine of Witness Protection*
Section: 309 CrPC / 346 BNSS
Case Law: Mahender Chawla v. Union of India (2018)

*4️⃣5️⃣ Doctrine of Victim Impact*
Section: 372 CrPC / 439A BNSS
Case Law: Ankush Maruti Shinde v. State of Maharashtra (2009)

*4️⃣6️⃣ Doctrine of Fair Investigation*
Section: Sec 156 CrPC / 175 BNSS
Case Law: Manohar Lal Sharma v. Principal Secy. (2014)

*4️⃣7️⃣ Doctrine of Cross-Examination*
Section: 137 Evidence/BSA
Case Law: State of Kerala v. Rasheed (2019)

*4️⃣8️⃣ Doctrine of Witness Hostility*
Section: 154 Evidence/BSA
Case Law: Sat Paul v. Delhi Administration (1976)

*4️⃣9️⃣ Doctrine of Contemporanea Expositio*
Section: General Principle of Statutory Interpretation 
Case Law: K.P. Varghese v. ITO (1981)

*5️⃣0️⃣ Doctrine of Justice Delay is Justice Denied*
Section: 309 CrPC / 479 BNSS.
Case Law: Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar (1979).

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